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1941
5 April 1941
TARWYN PARK:
Class and Quality by Hall Mark and Melfort
FOR nearly a century the Bylong Valley in western New South Wales has been one of the most noted horse-breeding centres of Australia. Many notable performers first saw the light there, and it was at Bylong that The Barb was sired. When Sir Hercules was returned to Australia from New Zealand by Mr. Henry Redwood, the Lee brothers, who then owned the Bylong Valley country, were anxious to purchase him, but missed him, and Sir Hercules went north to Ramornie. When he was once more on the market Mr. George Lee went to Ramornie, purchased him, and rode him to Bylong, where he did duty for a time. It was there he sired The Barb, Barbelle, and numerous other good horses. The Barb was the outstanding horse of his time in the late '60's, and there were many old-timers who looked upon the "black demon," as he was known, as being a better racehorse than Carbine. After the Lees disposed of their interests in the Bylong and Widden valleys, much of the glamour as a horse-breeding centre departed, but it has been revived in more recent years when Mr. Herbert Thompson established the Tarwyn Park Stud in a sheltered and rich stretch of country three or four miles from the hamlet of Bylong, where the old Lee homestead is still resisting the destroying hand of time. A more ideal spot for horses could not be imagined. The climate is mild in the winter, and It is not unduly warm during the summer, nor is there any lack of feed. Tarwyn Park, like most other places in Australia, felt the effects of the prolonged drought, but it fared much better than most places. The rains in January started a growth of grass, and the frequent showers since combined with the warmth in the ground have brought it along in amazing lashion. When I was there a fortnight ago grass was so abundant that the mares and foals were almost up to their bellies in it. Naturally they were in splendid condition, and the foals were looking exceptionally well.
The magnet which attracted us to Tarwyn Park was the yearlings Mr. Herbert Thompson is sending to the Sydney sales. The draft is a large one, as there will be 60 youngsters from Tarwyn Park in the catalogue. They are as fine a collection of colts and fillies as Mr. Thompson has ever sent to Sydney for the sales, and "that's saying a mouthful."
There is an unusually large percentage of colts in the draft, as there are 39 of them and only 21 fillies. In many drafts fillies predominate. Ten sires are represented in the Widden collection. Manfred and Sylvandale each have a single representative, and Law Maker claims two fillies. Hall Mark has the largest representation, as there are nine colts and seven fillies by him. The others are distributed among Madagascar (12), Mel fort (10), Veilmond (7), Plymouth Sound (4), J. R. Smith (4), and Marconigram (3).
Hall Mark Colts
These are the third draft of yearlings by Hall Mark, and they are a much better lot than their predecessors, as they are bigger and more solid and robust looking. They are much more after the style of the yearlings Heroic used to sire, and it will be surprising if there are not some class stayers among them. Several of them are really outstanding individuals. There are four slashing chestnut colts by him that are real Heroics in appearance, and opinions will be divided as to which is the best of them. They are so remarkably even that it will be difficult to decide between them.
The first of them is the brother to Rylstone, by Hall Mark (son of Valais) from Lady Zelteers (imp.), by Zel tlnger (son of Zinfandel) from Lomond's Cheer, by Lomond (son of Desmond) from Cherry Hinton, by Sundridge, and running back to Quiver, the dam La Fleche and grand dam of Polymelus and Grafton. The breeding is right, and so is the colt. He is a grand individual in every way. There is no mistaking his descent from Heroic, as he bears a strong resemblance in make, shape, colours, and character to the old champion. He is a big solid looking youngster, with a good head well set on to a round, muscular neck, which goes nicely into long, obliquely set shoulders. He is short in the back and strong over the loin. It will take a long girth to circle him, and he is ribbed well back, with plenty of depth through the coupling. He has all the length below, which was one of the features of Heroic, and he stands well on good feet; and legs. He is all quality and is a colt of real class.
The second colt is the brother to Goldsmith, but he is a bigger, stronger made, and more robust looking colt than his relative. He is by Hall Mark from Trasina, by Woorak (son of Traquair) from Rosina, by The Welkin from Seville, by Wallace from Andalusite (imp.), by Orme. Here again we get quality in abundance. Although short and strong in the back, he stands over quite a lot of ground, is beautifully turned and moulded, with strength everywhere. He is a horse with a perfect forehand, and one strong feature is the way in which his head is set on to his neck. He looks built for speed, and anyone in search of a likely winner of the rich two year-old races in the spring should not neglect to look at this fellow. McMenamin stated after the Manbyrnong Plate, in which Goldsmith was third, that he would have won that race had he been able to ride him in his own way instead of obeying instructions. Perhaps this colt will make amends. He looks the sort to do it.
Good as he is, I prefer the chestnut colt by Hall Mark from Rythona, by Cooltrim (son of Flying Fox) from Royal Cush, by Royal Artillery from Cushla, by Lochiel from Dona, by Savanaka. Cushla was a sister to the Caulfleld Cup winner Dewey, and Jolly Beggar was another distinguished member of the family. This colt, who is a much later foal than the others, not having been dropped until the middle of November, is a three-quarter brother to those two hardy campaigners Hope and Fair Diana, who were good winners. He is a good-sized colt now, beautifully turned and modelled, with plenty of length. Being one of the growthy sort he will ultimately be a big, powerful horse. All quality, with good legs and joints, he is a perfectly balanced and pitched colt, and one that really represents class. There is little between him and the Lady Zelteers colt, but I lean a little to the Rythona colt.
Resembles Sire
A real chip off the old block is the very symmetrical, dark chestnut colt by Hall Mark from Ashford, by Salt ash (son of Sunstar) from Lady Dowager, by Buckwheat (son of Martagon) from Queen Dowager, by Downshire from Lager, by Maltster. He is the image of his sire, with the same length and perfect conformation, but he will be a stouter-looking horse than Hall Mark. He has Hall Mark's quality look, and like him is a great walker.
Another attractive colt is the bay half-brother to Billposter by Hall Mark from Adhere, by Spearhead (son of Spearmint) from Cohesion, by Syndrian from Aspic, by Polymelus. His dam is a half-sister to Valiant Chief, and he recalls Valiant Chief in many ways. He is a big, stout-looking, low set youngster, of ample length, deep through the body, well let down and muscular behind, and short and strong in the back. He combines strength with quality. All the good Hall Marks are not colts. There is a most attractive filly by him from Coonona, by Tarquin (son of Phalaris) from All Smiles (imp.), by Myram (son of Flying For) from Niobe, by Amphion from Greeting, by Common. She is not a big one, but is quality from the tip of her nose to her tail, and is a perfect model. She is very well developed everywhere, and is one of the ready made sort likely to shine as a two-year-old. This is a very smart looking filly, and one that can hardly fail to win races. Her dam is a half sister to Short Wave, who was a smart sprinter a few seasons ago.
Manfred is dead, so there will be few chances of buying any of his progeny. Buyers will be attracted to the bay colt by Manfred from Birthday Girl, by Prince Galahad (son of Prince Palatine) from Nectarinia, by Golden Sun from a mare by Ladas from Red Wing, by Gallinule. He is bred very much like Ajax, who was by a son of Valais from a daughter of Prince Galahad. Here we get a similar cross, as Manfred was a son of Valais, and Birthday Girl is a daughter of Prince Galahad. This is a lengthy, clean-cut colt without an ounce of lumber on him, and every line of him indicates speed, and plenty of it. He is a real Manfred of the best type.
Class Lots - By Melfort.
Now we come to the Melforts, and they are a classy looking lot. Melfort is a lovely qualitied and splendid type of horse, and was a good performer in England. He won the Lancashire Breeders' Produce Stakes, worth £3,431, and the York Badminton Plate, in which he carried 9.5. Mr. Harry Taylor imported him to Australia and had him at Macquarie Stud. When that stud was dispersed, Mel fort was purchased by Mr. H. S. Thompson for 8,700 guineas for the Tarwyn Park Stud. Melfort made a good start, as in his first season he sired Port Regal, who was one of the best two-year-olds of his year, and extended Nuffield in the A.J.C. Sires' Produce Stakes and Champagne Stakes. He was undoubtedly a colt of class. Lusson, another son of Mel fort, did well, and won the South Australian Derby, and there are other good winners by Melfort. The yearlings by him this year are by far the best he has sired. They are a classy looking lot.
The pick of them is the bay colt by Melfort (son of Colorado) from Euglena, by Manfred (son of Valais) from Frances Tressady, by Tressady (son of Persimmon) from Thorima, by Grafton from Blue Bonnet, by Autonomy from Blue Sleeves, by Trenton. Frances Tressady won the Victoria Derby and Oaks, so she was a class mare. Her grandson is a class colt. He is a half-brother to War Ace, for whom Mr. C. B. Kellow paid 1,400 guineas last year. War Ace ran a couple of very promising races in the spring, but as he was growing very fast Holt decided to put him aside and give him a chance to develop and furnish. We are likely to hear much more of him later on, as he is a good colt. His younger half-brother by Melfort is up to his standard in the matter of make and shape as well as quality. He is one of the nicest colts I have seen this year. He looks a Derby possibility. He is a big, strongly made colt of fine length, with a perfect forehead.
His head is well set on to a long, round, muscular neck, which goes cleanly into obliquely set shoulders, which are free from limber, and go well into the wither. He is short and strong in the back, deep through the middle, and has good back ribs. He will not be troubled by weight. Melfort is a high-qualitied horse, and he has passed all his quality on to his sons. Another good colt is the clean cut, ready made, quality looking brown colt by Melfort from Queen Balak, by Moabite (son of Phalaris) from Sita, by Comedy King from Star of India, by Wallace from Bengal Light (imp.), by Beauclerc from Blue Light, by Rataplan. He is a half brother to two good winners in Prince Ariel and Milanja, and may be better than either of them. He is very strong over the back and loin, deep bodied, and nicely dropped behind. He is a tough looking customer, and shows a lot of quality.
Another colt of a similar type, and one of the hardy sort, is the nice qualitied, solid looking, cleanly made bay colt by Melfort from Letitia by Limond (son of Desmond) from Leta, by Ayr Laddie from Leading Lady, by Grafton. Leading Lady was a full sister to Melodrama, who twice won the Epsom Handicap. Letitia was a half-sister to that fine New Zealand performer Thespian. Nicely moulded and truly proportioned, he has excellent shoulder and quarters, is strong in the back, and deep through the back ribs. Here is a Melfort who is likely to stand plenty of hard work and racing, as he is a very sound looking colt with a strong constitution. A smart looking colt showing a lot of quality and without an ounce of lumber on him is the bay from Miss Dorette, by Spearhead (son of Spearmint) from Miss Dinette (imp.), by Captain Fracasse (son of Tracery) from Lady Dinette, by Grosvenor (son of Cicero) from Dinette, by Dinneford. He is one of those colts which gives the impression that every part of him fits as all good machines should do. He is one of the smart, alert, ready made type, and should come to hand early. These are the type of yearlings we have been expecting Melfort to sire.
The Veilmonds
There are only seven Veilmond youngsters in the Tarwyn draft - five colts and two fillies - and Mr. Thompson must wish he had a few more of them. Veilmond made a splendid start at the stud by siring Lochlee in his first season, and has been consistently successful ever since. He gets a lot of winners. He is having a particularly successful time this season. At the end of the first half of the current season he was seventh in the list of winning sires with 25 winners of 401 races, worth £8,359. As his son All Veil won the Newmarket Handicap and velocity and Veiled Threat have won good races, Veilmond has risen to a higher place in the list. It is by no means improbable that Velocity or Veiled Threat will win the Sydney Cup. There is sure to be a good demand for Veilmond yearlings this year, and Mr. Thompson has a good lot from which buyers can make a selection.
One which will be much sought after is the bay colt by Veilmond (son of Limond) from Wee Jean, by Chivalrous (son of Amadis) from Belle of Notts (imp.), by Hapsburg (son of Desmond) from Pleasance, by Radium from Permia, by Persimmon from Medora, by Bend Or. Permia was a sister to the Ascot Gold Cup winner Zinfandel, so this colt should stay. He has a doubling of Desmond through Limond and Hapsburg, and it is backed by a double cross of Bend Or through Radium and Medora. Chivalrous won the Chester Cup, run over two and a quarter miles, and he represents the staying line of Wisdom through Love Wisely, the sire of Amadis. This colt is bred to stay, and he looks the staying type. He is a very strong, hardy looking colt, with a round, well-sprung middle piece, strong quarters, and a good shoulder. He shows much more quality than the majority or the Veilmonds, and altogether he is the best Veilmond youngster I have yet seen. He is one of the most soundly bred too.
Another good Veilmond colt is the bay from Monastery, by Cistercian (son of Friar Marcus) from Foalsfoot, by Galcazzo (son of Galopin) from Clayleaf, by Minting. There is plenty of him, and he has length, substance, bone, and is nicely moulded. He is a good fronted colt with a well-set head, good neck and shoulder, and short, strong back. He is all that could be desired behind, and has a nicely dropped hind leg. One of the real St. Simon type is the medium-sized, lengthy, nicely turned and moulded brown colt by Veilmond from Jean Rylstone, by Fernkloof (son of Alan Breck) from Miss Rylstone, by Charlemagne H. (son of St. Simon) from Lady Rylstone, by Grafton from Lady Trenton, by Trenton, and therefore a member of the same tribe as the Melbourne Cup winners Lord Nolan and Lord Cardigan. He has a small star but no other white. His middle piece is deep and the ribs well sprung, and is deep through the coupling. He is good in front with a perfectly set shoulder and a good neck and head. This is a real staying type, and may be a Cup horse.
Madagascar
Madagascar is one of the best looking sons of Blandford to be imported to this country, and he was a good English performer. He won the Queen Anne Stakes at Ascot, and bad horses do not win at Ascot. The opposition is much too strong, as the Ascot meeting attracts only the best horses in England. Madagascar was rather slow in getting into his stride as a sire of winners, but the Blandford sires have not been noted for getting precocious stock. Madagascar is doing well now, and at the end of the first half of this season he was among the top division of the winning sires with 15 winners of 28 races. His best winner so far has been Billposter, who won City Tattersall's Gold Cup and numerous other good races. The day is probably not far distant when Madagascar will give us some really high-class horses, and probably there will be Cup winners among them. He is bred on much the same lines as the undefeated Bahrain, now in America, as both are sons of Blandford from daughters of Friar Marcus. There are nine colts and three fillies by Madagascar in the Tarwyn draft.
The pick of the Madagascar colts is the lovely qualifed, stylish, rich brown colt by him train Sweet Maggie, by Magpie (son of Dark Ronald) from Sweet Lady, by Linacre (son of Wolf's Crag) from Lady Grafton, by Grafton, which is sound breeding. He is a well grown, solid-looking youngster with perfect lines, and is splendidly developed, with plenty of muscle. His head, neck, and shoulder are all that could be desired, and he is equally good behind. In every way he is a really nice horse, and one that should stay well.
One of the staying type is the big, powerful looking, muscular, and nicely moulded brown colt by Madagascar from March Cup, by March Along (son of Swynford) from Cuptelle, by Trussing Cup (son of Orme) from Ortelle, by Orvieto. Cuptelle was a half-sister to Duke Foote, one of the best horses ever to carry the colours of Mr. John Brown. Phalaris also belonged to this female line. This colt had a doubling of Swynford, which he gets through Blandford and March Along, two sons of Swynford. That suggests staying, and the colt looks the staying type. Short in the back but long below, he is deep through the middle and well ribbed back to the coupling. He probably will need time, as he does not look an early type, but he is a youngster of many possibilities.
A great strider is the solid-looking, well-developed, and muscular brown colt by Madagascar from Resemble, by Cistercian from Similante, by Simile (son of St. Simon) from Sonsie, by Ayr Laddie from Vestatia, by Chester from Volley, by Musket. The pedigree suggests staying, and so does its owner. His head, neck, and shoulder are all well set, and his back is short and strong. There is plenty of depth in him, and he had power behind the saddle. Here is one of a different sort. He looks one of the ready made, clean cut, speedy type. He is by Madagascar from Augustina, by Heroic from Bimbil, by St. Alwyne from Bibble, by Flavus from Collarene, by Abercorn. Showing much of the Heroic character, he is deep bodied and lengthy. He is nicely pitched behind, and has that good hind leg Heroic put on so many of his stock. Augustina, by the way, was a half-sister to Scientist, what has been a good winner this season.
Successful Sire
Few people realise how successful Marconigram has been as a sire. He has been most versatile, as his progeny, whose winnings are now round about £70,000, include the dual Derby and Leger winner Reading, Session (winner of the Oaks, Wakeful Stakes, and Adrian Knox Stakes), Marabou (Melbourne Cup), Contact (Sydney Cup), Remarc (Williamstown Cup), Broadcaster (Maribyrnong Plate), and Record (Gimcrack Stakes). So Marconigram can claim winners of classic races, Cups, and two-year-old races. He is remarkably consistent, too. Last year he was fourth in the list of Australian winning sires, and he is fifth again this season, as at the end of January his progeny had credited him with 21 winners of 39½ races and £11,547 in stakes. That total has been increased during the last month or so. Marconigram is assured of a place among the first five sires this season.
Therefore there is sure to be a keen demand for his yearlings. Unfortunately for Mr. Thompson, he has only three colts to offer by him. One is a very lengthy, solid looking bay from Camisole, by Beragoon (son of Multiform) from Maletta, by Maltster from La France, by Carnage. Maletta was a full sister to those two brilliant sprinters Aleconner and Mala, and she comes from the same female line as Ajax. Marconigram has a lovely skin, and he has passed it on to this colt, who shows a lot of quality. This is a classy looking colt, just as Reading is, and he is much after the style of the Derby winner.
Plymouth Sound, who was trained by Jack Holt for a time, was given a light season at Tarwyn Park after his retirement from racing, and he has left behind him several most attractive youngsters. One would expect a horse bred as Plymouth Sound is to get good progeny. He is one of Lord Astor's breeding, being by Coronach (son of Hurry On) from Plymstock, by Polymelus from Winkipop, by William the Third. He is represented in the Tarwyn draft by a half-brother to that very smart horse The Marne, as he is from Kalyanni, by Treclare (son of Tredennis) from Lystrim, by Cooltrim from Lyssa, by Ayr Laddie from Artemis, by Haut Brion. This is a well-grown, very lengthy and rangy colt, with plenty of substance and of nice pitch. He has a long, round, muscular neck which goes well into a clean shoulder, and his head is well set on. He has clean lines everywhere, and is in every way an attractive individual1
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1952
1959
23 Oct 1959
2010
2014
19 March 2014
Bylong Tarwyn Park
KOREAN coal miner KEPCO has bought the iconic "Tarwyn Park", in the Bylong Valley, where Peter Andrews developed his Natural Sequence Farming system.
The property was latterly owned by Peter's son Stuart Andrews, who will lease back the property to continue grazing cattle and his training business in landscape management.
A portion of the land will be subject to mining, but the Andrews will have access to unaffected areas of the property.
KEPCO's Cokatoo Coal will operate the Bylong project.
While KEPCO may buy more land around the Bylong project, "Tarwyn Park" is likely the last of its significant purchases.
Earlier this year, Wallings Pastoral Company's land was acquired. Together with "Tarwyn Park" these two properties almost doubled KEPCO's land in the Valley.
KEPCO previously purchased the historic Bylong Park and Bylong Station properties.
The company now holds over 75 per cent of the available property within the project boundary. About 20pc of the land in the boundary is crown land or State forest.
Stuart Andrews served as vice president of the Bylong Valley Protection Alliance, but resigned his position following the sale. He will remain a member of the organisation.
Peter Andrews said mining "Tarwyn Park" "could ruin an important scientific investment in the landscape".
The land had been developed to an exceptional level for "cereal grazing, whatever", he said.
"There is not anywhere that comes within 50pc of its quality," he said.
However, he took a sanguine view of the situation and believes the NFS system could be used to rehabilitate the mined land.
"In some ways it is an opportunity to complete the NFS process.
"The mined areas can become recharge areas for the water catchment."
KEPCO has submitted its mine plan to the government's Gateway panel, which is considering the project's agricultural impact.
The panel will make recommendations to the government on the future of the project, or make recommendations for modifications to the mine plan.
KEPCO said it will promote farming on its agricultural land, and aims to achieve no net loss of agricultural productivity from the land it has acquired.
"A number of farming initiatives are already underway to ensure this occurs," said Cockatoo Coal general manager of NSW project development, Stuart Hides3 .
2016
7 July 2016
Andrews vacate Tarwyn
Stuart Andrews will walk off Tarwyn Park, past the final resting place of Melbourne Cup winner Rain Lover, on July 31.
Last week removalist trucks were working at the Bylong property that was sold to Korean state-owned coal mine company, KEPCO for more than $14 million in February 2014.
The leaving has come much earlier than Mr Andrews expected.
He said the sale included an eight year lease with regular renewal, allowing him to continue using and teaching father Peter's natural sequence farming methods that directly challenge several centuries of Australian land management.
'I put my hand out to say I want to make this work. For three years we made a stand against mining, but I knew we couldn't hold them out forever because they have the law on their side so we sold,' Mr Andrews told the Newcastle Herald said.
'I thought if this has to go ahead let's do it the best we possibly can. Let's make this a case study to show mining and agriculture can co-exist.'
The lease has not been renewed.
While claims have been made that the company said it needed the Tarwyn Park floodplain portion of the Andrews property for its coal mine project, a company spokesperson said the Andrews family agreed to waive and surrender rights to a clause in the contract of the property that include an eight year license term in January 2016.
'The Andrews family has declined further license arrangements and their current lease expires July, 31 2016,' a statement said.
'KEPCO ensured the Andrews family were made aware of the company's plan for the property as part of the acquisition process. Mine plans showing the impact of mining and surface infrastructure were also exhibited to the Andrews family prior to the sale of the property.'
Mr Andrews said it was clear mining and agriculture could not co-exist in the Bylong Valley where KEPCO has so far spent more than $600 million to establish a new coal mine, including $400 million to Anglo American in 2010 for the mining lease and coal asset. The KEPCO move on Tarwyn Park is devastating given Rio Tinto's $1 sale of its Blair Athol mine last week to a former manager as thermal coal prices continue to flatline, and the Korean Government in June raising serious questions about whether the Bylong mine will ever go ahead.
Mr Andrews is aware of moves to have the stables heritage listed, but said 'I don't know if people really give a s...'.
He knows some people have and will criticise him for selling the property, but said a sale was inevitable once KEPCO made it clear it needed the property.
"The mining companies are just doing what the rules say they're allowed to do. It's the politicians who don't understand the impacts, on the environment and families and communities, and they don't care," he said.
The company spokesperson said 'KEPCO has designed the project to avoid and minimise direct impacts to local heritage wherever possible'.
'The Tarwyn Park homestead and horse stables will remain. A Historic Heritage Management Plan and Conservation Management Plan will be prepared to guide the management of the Tarwyn Park Complex, including the stables.
'KEPCO is maintaining active farming operations on purchased properties, and has developed farm management plans that will best utilise the land for the life of the project and beyond.'
In October Mudgee-based heritage advisor Barbara Hickson recommended Mid-Western Regional Council liaise with the state government to place an interim heritage order on the property. In her review of the project's environmental impact statement, Ms Hickson said Peter Andrews' work formed part of the property's cultural significance.
Kepco Bylong ends 40 years of Andrews family custodianship of natural sequence farm first appeared in the Newcastle Herald on July 64 .
2017
13 May 2017
Possible heritage listing for Tarwyn Park
The Planning Assessment Commission public hearing on the Bylong Coal Project heard that the Bylong Valley property Tarwyn Park may be granted state significance.
In the opening statement from the chair Brian Gilligan he said Tarwyn Park and adjoining property Iron Tank may qualify for some form of Heritage Listing.
Peter Andrews OAM bought the property in the mid 1970s and put his Natural Sequence Farming theories into practice, the site also has links to the thoroughbred industry.
KEPCO bought the property from the Andrews family in 2014.
The Minister for Heritage received an Interim Heritage Order request for the properties late in 2016 from the Bylong Valley Protection Alliance.
The State Heritage Register resolved in October to request that PAC obtain an independent assessment of the potential state significance of the sites.
A Historic Heritage Impact Assessment (HHIA) was completed for the Bylong Coal Project as part of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), which found the Tarwyn Park Farm Complex, including the Natural Sequence Farming area, is of local heritage significance.
In his submission KEPCO Australia's chief operating officer Bill Vatovec said the company recognises the importance of the site.
Natural Sequence Farming centres on restoration of natural water flows - in water course and across the landscape.
The land was contoured to slow down water flow in the creek and across the floodplain - which lays across the aquifer at the head of the valley's groundwater system.
At Tarwyn Park, water flows from the surrounding escarpment. At the top of the floodplain which underlays the pastures, water hits a bank and soaks the ground to maximise aquifer recharge - while trapping soil and distributing nutrients across the pastures.
The creek bed has been converted from a gouged gully into nutrient-distribution systems with erosion control structures - which appear as natural weirs woven with plants.
A greater number and diversity of plants can grow on the banks, which also helps to slow flow and critically, adds yet more nutrients which will spread throughout the system5 .
References